Thursday, May 5, 2016

Invasion of Astro-Monster / Destroy All Monsters (Ifukube, 1965/1968)

     Invasion of Astro-Monster and Destroy All Monsters are the 6th and 9th entries in the Godzilla film series, as well as the 5th and 6th instance where Akira Ifukube provided a Godzilla score (it was also Toho's 20th overall giant monster film).  Interestingly, they both involve aliens taking control of giant monsters and using them against the Earth.  They also both feature King Ghidorah as the "final monster", after the humans turn the monsters back against their alien controllers.  For this reason it's logical that many of the alien themes introduced in "Invasion" return in slight variations in "Destroy".  In fact, it's very possible that the Xiliens and the Kilaaks are the same aliens, but from different time periods.  The mind boggles.


Invasion of Astro-Monster, 1965 (Also: Monster Zero, 怪獣大戦争, "Great Monster War")
     This was the first Godzilla film in which aliens have a strong presence (as opposed to gangsters, foreign assassins or commercial entrepreneurs).  For this reason Ifukube was able to incorporate even more interesting textures.  In addition to the kaiju (giant monster) themes returning from Ghidorah the Three-Headed Monster (Ghidorah theme with tail, Rodan theme, Terror motif, Resurrection theme), Ifukube added the Monster fanfare (a stinger similar to the Monster cadence from Mothra vs Godzilla) and a new Monster Control theme.  The humans were assigned a new Monster Zero March, and the alien Xiliens were portrayed with suspense textures based on a Planet X motif and an exotic 7-note Xilien theme, both often making use of high string noises (sul ponticello), alto flute, xylophone, vibraphone, "wobbly" synth-like tones and muted brass.


     The score to Invasion of Astro-Monster has seen several releases over the years.  The below table is based on the main score tracks from the Godzilla Perfect Box 2, Disc 1, which also includes 10 bonus tracks at the end (an alternate take and various takes of source music).

Trk Dur Title Film Sequence
1 1:48 Main Title
(M1)
Logos, stills of spaceships, radar dishes, text explaining the appearance of Planet X.
Monster fanfare, Monster Zero March.
2 0:40 The P1 And Jupiter
(M4)
The P1 approaches Planet X.
Suspense texture with high string noises under Planet X motif on alto flute/piano, becoming Xilien theme developed on tremolo strings/organ/wobbly high tone.
3 1:07 The P1 Descends (M5) The P1 lands.
Suspense texture with Xilien theme and variations on piano/xylophone, tremolo strings/xylophone, low piano, tremolo strings, brass figures, xylophone, tremolo strings.
4 3:25 The Mystery Of Planet X
(M6)
0:00: Astronauts Fuji and Glenn explore the area and plant a flag.
Suspense texture with piano ornament, high string noises into Planet X motif on piano/vibraphone/wobbly high tones, tremolo strings becoming Xilien theme, low piano, Xilien theme in oboe, developed on alto flute/tremolo strings, violins, repeat.
2:25: Fuji discovers footprints.  Glenn's signal is lost and the ship disappears.
Low falling piano accents, strings, vibraphone/synth tones, Planet X motif variation on alto flute, developed on tremolo strings/piano/bass/vibraphone/high string noises.
5 1:10 The Underground Passage (S)
(M7)
Fuji is instructed to follow an underground passageway.  He finds Glenn.
Low piano accents/alto flute Planet X motif, joined by dialogue of xylophone, muted trumpet accents, Planet X motif in bass clarinet/piano, cymbal, etc.
6 1:32 Monster Zero
(M8)
King Ghidorah attacks the planet surface.
Ghidorah theme with tail.
7 0:13 The P1 Returns Home
(M9)
A newspaper headline announces the P1's return.
Fanfare.
8 0:35 Washigasawa And Lake Myoujinko
(M10)
Military forces are seen in the countryside looking for Rodan and Godzilla.
Horn call joined by "mission" strings/drums in triplet rhythm.
9 0:13 Godzilla At The Bottom Of The Lake
(M11)
Radioactivity is detected, and a newspaper headline announces that the alien Xiliens' prediction about Godzilla was correct.
Monster Control theme fragment in low brass/strings.
10 1:17 Appearance Of The Disc
(M12)
Three Xilien saucers rise from the bottom of the lake and hover in the air.
Low piano rumbling joined by Monster Control theme on low winds/plucked bass/violins, leading to dramatic variation of Planet X motif in brass dialogues, joined by timpani and ending with tremolo strings/synth.
11 1:55 The Electromagnetic Capsule
(M13)
0:00: One of the saucers fishes Godzilla out of the water and holds him in a force bubble.
Planet X motif in vibraphone/synth, Xilien theme strings/brass, Monster Control theme in brass/strings, held texture with building layers.
0:50: Another saucer excavates a dormant Rodan from a cliff face and holds him in a force bubble as well.
Planet X motif in vibraphone/synth, Xilien theme in strings/brass, Rodan theme in low brass/strings/synth, held texture, Planet X motif/Xilien theme in flute/vibraphone/synth.
12 1:04 Back To
Planet X
(M14)
The three saucers leave Earth with Godzilla and Rodan as well as some scientists.
Melancholy brass/muted trumpet variations of Xilien theme, flute/high string noise/synth/piano rhythm, Planet X motif and fragments of Monster Control theme in synth and low winds.
13 0:38 Arrival At
Planet X
(M15)
The saucer carrying the scientists docks underground in order to safely monitor the surface.
Reprise/retrack of Track 2: suspense texture with high string noises under Planet X motif on alto flute/piano, becoming Xilien theme developed on tremolo strings/organ/wobbly high tone.
14 2:28 The 3 Monsters On Planet X
(M16)
Ghidorah approaches.  Godzilla and Rodan are unfrozen and released.  Ghidorah attacks with lightning breath.  Godzilla and Rodan retaliate with rocks.  After Godzilla tackles Ghidorah, Ghidorah flees.  Godzilla does an odd dance.
Monster fanfare, Ghidorah theme with tail, Terror motif, Rodan theme, Resurrection theme, Rodan theme, rhythmic accents.
15 1:27 Namikawa On Planet X
(M17)
When Fuji and Glenn go exploring on their own, they discover gold, as well as duplicates of Glenn's girlfriend from Earth, Miss Namikawa.  They are arrested by the Xiliens.
Reprise of Track 4: suspense texture with piano ornament, high string noises into Planet X motif on piano/vibraphone/wobbly high tones, tremolo strings becoming Xilien theme, low piano, Xilien theme in oboe, developed on alto flute/tremolo strings, violins, brief repeat.
16 1:09 Leaving Planet X
(M18 T2)
Fuji and Glenn leave Planet X in a duplicate P1, leaving Godzilla and Rodan behind.
Farewell theme on low brass, cor anglais, strings, low brass, muted trumpet.
17 0:45 The Earth In
Utter Chaos
(M19)
Headlines describe Earth in a panic after the ultimatum from the Xiliens is revealed.
Piano in triplet rhythm with urgent brass figures.
18 0:55 Monster Control I
(M20)
Godzilla and Rodan are instructed to attack the Earth.
Monster Control theme, Terror motif, Rodan theme, rhythmic accents.
19 1:24 Monster Control II
(M21)
The monster attack continues.  Tanks shoot at Rodan and Godzilla.  The Xilien saucers destroy some of the tanks.
Resurrection theme, Rodan theme, rhythmic accents, Monster Control theme, Terror motif, Rodan theme.
20 3:42 The Fury Of The 3 Monsters
(M22)
Godzilla and Rodan continue their rampage.  Ghidorah soon joins in.
Terror motif, Rodan theme, Ghidorah theme with tail, Monster Control theme, Terror motif, Rodan theme, Resurrection theme, Rodan theme, rhythmic accents, Ghidorah theme with tail, Ghidorah theme with tail (partial).
21 3:07 Monster Mega-War March
(M23)
The scientists and the army use rays to break the aliens' control over the 3 monsters, causing them to collapse.  The army tanks destroy the Xiliens' hideout.
Monster Zero March, repeats at 1:04/2:09.
22 2:19 Monster Mega-War
(M24)
With the aliens gone, the monsters wake up.  Godzilla and Rodan fight Ghidorah.  Eventually Godzilla and Ghidorah go over a cliff into the sea.
Monster control theme in tremolo strings, brass, Terror motif, Rodan theme, Resurrection theme, Rodan theme, rhythmic accents, Ghidorah theme with tail, Ghidorah theme variation.
23 1:01 Ending
(M25)
Ghidorah flies away.  The humans are relieved.
Farewell theme on muted trumpet/tremolo strings, cor anglais, low brass, strings, final cadence.


Destroy All Monsters, 1968 (怪獣総進撃, "Attack of the Marching Monsters")
     Ifukube returned and further developed the ideas he explored in Invasion of Astro-Monster (see above), especially textures related to alien invaders.  Even though there are 11 giant monsters appearing, Ifukube basically reused the monster themes he'd developed in the previous film (with some variations for Rodan's theme in particular and reprisals of Astro-Monster's Monster Control theme).

     The new themes for the humans include the Destroy All Monsters March, the memorable "perpetuoso" Remote Control Destruction theme (derived from "Matsumoto City And King Ghidorah" from 1964's "Ghidorah, the 3-Headed Monster") and the Moonbase theme.  The Kilaak aliens receive the return of the Xilien theme from "Invasion" (perhaps they are related?), a Kilaak "choir" texture, a brief Escape theme and the Monster Land theme (all of which are more or less derived from the Xilien theme/scale).  A new Destroy All Monsters theme (Main Title, All Monsters Attack) rounds out the new themes.  The Planet X motif from "Invasion" also returns fairly frequently here, as well as the Monster Control theme (appropriately enough).  As usual, even though the themes for the individual monsters also recur fairly frequently, they are often written in different tempos and orchestrations.

     The score to Destroy All Monsters has seen several releases over the years.  The below table is based on the main score tracks from the Godzilla Perfect Box 2, Disc 4, which also includes 11 bonus tracks at the end of retracked cues and alternate takes.  In the table below I put the retracked bonus cues in their chronologically-correct placement.

Trk Dur Title Film Sequence
1 0:39 Main Title
(M1)
Logos, Title into opening narration.
Destroy All Monsters theme fragments on alto flute/gong, synth, full theme on brass, held strings cadence.
2 1:25 Title Credits
(M2-T4)
Title credits, as spaceship Moonlight SY-3 takes off towards the moon.
Destroy All Monsters March.
3 3:23 Monster Land
(M3)
A voice-over describes images of underwater studies, followed by a helicopter flying over Monster Land.  Godzilla, Rodan, Angilas, Mothra and Gorasaurus are seen.  Mothra and Godzilla are prevented from leaving the island.  Rodan dives into the water to catch some dolphins.  The helicopter lands in the underground command center.  Technicians monitor the monsters.
Falling/rising piano scales, heavy Monster Land theme intercut with low rhythmic wind/brass/string accents, horn call over timpani roll, accents,  recap variation.
4 0:19 Moon Base I
(M4)
The SY-3's pilot, Katsuo, calls Kyoko from the moonbase.
Moonbase theme on synth.
5 1:03 Incident at Monster Land
(M5)
Gas seeps into the control room and knocks out the scientists.  Gas also erupts around the island, knocking out the monsters.
Xilien theme on synth/strings/low winds/gong, Planet X motif alternating with brass fanfares, ending in brass Escape theme.
6 0:26 Moon Base II
(M6)
A moonbase technician contacts the SY-3 and tells them to return to base.
Moonbase theme developed on synth. 
7 0:53 SY-3
(M7)
The SY-3 detects a flying saucer on the moon and attempts to follow, but it escapes.
Xilien theme/Planet X motif on synth/cymbal, Destroy All Monsters March variation on strings/drums.
32 0:35 The SY-3 Goes
to Earth
(M7A)
The SY-3 lands on Monster Land.
Destroy All Monsters March variation on strings/drums (edited retrack of Track 7)
8 0:40 An Uninhabited Monster Land
(M8)
Katsuo's team explores the deserted command center, but Kyoko suddenly appears.
Xilien theme variation on vibraphone, tremolo strings, muted trumpet/brass, repeated with added winds.
9 0:52 Kilaakian I
(M9)
Katsuo's team is introduced to the alien Kilaaks.
Xilien theme variation with Kilaak choir texture, then Planet X motif on alto flute over synth, choral textures, strings.
10 2:13 Escape from Monster Land
(M10)
Katsuo's team fights off the alien-controlled humans and escapes with one of the humans as a prisoner.
Track 5 retracked twice: Xilien theme on synth/strings/low winds/gong, Planet X motif alternating with brass fanfares, ending in brass Escape theme.
11 0:31 Strange Metal
(M11-T2)
Doctors discover a strange implant inside the neck of the prisoner.
Eerie figures on piano/synth/flute based on Xilien theme. 
12 0:20 Monster Control Instrument
(M12)
Monster control devices are found in hidden locations around the world.
Somewhat ethnic/tribal texture on drums and brass.
13 0:23 Rodan Attacks
(M13)
Rodan approaches Tokyo as Kyoko smiles.
Rodan theme (slight extended variation).
14 1:48 Giant Attack
on Tokyo
(M14)
Godzilla and Manda arrive as well and they all begin a rampage.
Terror motif, Rodan theme, Resurrection theme, Rodan theme (2x), rhythmic accents.
33 0:28 Tokyo Defense Strategy
(M14A)
The Japanese army prepares missiles.
Monster fanfare, Ghidorah theme, Monster fanfare (probably retracked from Invasion of Astro-Monster).
15 2:16 Battle to Repel
the Monsters
(M15)
Missiles are launched against the monsters.  Mothra soon arrives through the subway.
Destroy All Monsters March, recap at 1:13.
16 0:23 Headquarters
in Ruins
(M15A)
The camera pans over the devastated city.
Mournful brass.
34 1:04 Self Defense Force Attack Preparation
(M15B)
The army and the SY-3 go to Izu to look for the Kilaak HQ.
Destroy All Monsters March (retrack of Track 15).
17 2:09 Monster
Defense Line
(M16)
When the SY-3 attempts to land, it is repelled by Godzilla's atomic breath.  The army opens fire on Godzilla.  Angilas joins the fray and the army retreats.
Synth/piano textures with Monster Control theme, Terror motif, Rodan theme, Resurrection theme, Rodan theme, Resurrection theme, Rodan theme, rhythmic accents.
18 0:45 Rodan in Pursuit
(M17)
Rodan chases the SY-3 but the ship outruns him.
Rodan theme extended variation.
35 1:12 Godzilla in
the Foliage
(M17A)
When Katsuo and the army search for the Kilaak base at Mount Fuji, Godzilla appears.  Katsuo hides and Godzilla eventually leaves.
Monster Control theme, Terror motif, Rodan theme, Resurrection theme, rhythmic accents (retrack of Track 17).
19 1:28 Kilaakian II
(M18)
When Katuo and his men enter a cave, the exit is blocked.  They soon encounter the Kilaak leader again behind an invisible wall and are shown the interior of the saucer base.  The Kilaaks deliver an ultimatum and disappear. (alternate)
Dialogue between Planet X motif on vibraphone/piano/tremolo strings, muted trumpet/brass, and Escape theme on low winds/synth, etc..
Xilien theme with choral Kilaak choir texture, then Planet X motif on alto flute over synth, choral textures, strings.
20 0:12 The Moon Base
and SY-3
(M19)
The SY-3 lands at moonbase.
Moonbase theme reprise.
21 1:31 SY-3 Sortie
(M20)
The SY-3 surveys the moon for the Kilaak control center.  They spot a saucer.
Destroy All Monsters March.
22 2:25 The Exploration Car Breaks Through
(M21)
When the SY-3 attempts to land it is hit with flames from the rocks.  They are able to drive out in their land rover and use lasers to disable the flames.
(Track 5 reprise with slightly more synth) Xilien theme in synth/strings/low winds/gong, Planet X motif alternating with brass fanfares/piano, ending in Escape theme, recap at 1:05, coda. 
23 1:00 The Kilaakian Entity
(M22)
Inside the inactive Kilaak command center, space slugs are seen entering rocks.  Katsuo surmises that the cold made them go back into hibernation.
Xilien theme on alto flute/piano/choral textures, Planet X theme on muted brass/alto flute/synth, Xilien theme coda.
24 0:43 Remote Control Destruction
(M23)
Katsuo's team uses one of their lasers to cut off the monster control device.
Remote Control Destruction theme as a motoric march with syncopated accents on piano/snare/strings.
37 0:29 SY-3 Escapes
(M23A)
The SY-3 leaves the Kilaak moon base as it self-destructs.
Destroy All Monsters March fragment (edited retrack of Track 21).
25 1:17 All Monsters Attack
(M24)
At Mount Fuji, the monsters (now controlled by the humans) gather into 2 groups including Godzilla, Minilla, Mothra, Rodan, Angilas, Manda, Baragon, Gorasaurus and Kumonga.
Destroy All Monsters theme, Rodan theme with horn call, ending fanfare.
26 2:49 The Great Decisive Battle at Fuji I
(M25)
King Ghidorah appears and the monsters engage.  Ghidorah lifts off with Angilas holding on with its jaws.  Angilas falls and causes a landslide, which reveals the hidden Kilaak base.  Godzilla and Gorosaurus attack Ghidorah on the ground.
Monster fanfare, slow themes: Ghidorah theme with tail, Monster Control theme, Terror motif, Rodan theme, Resurrection theme, Rodan theme, rhythmic accents.
27 2:28 The Great Decisive Battle at Fuji II
(M26)
Godzilla, Gorosaurus and Angilas pummel Ghidorah.  Mothra and Kumonga spray silk.
Slightly faster: Ghidorah theme with tail, Monster Control theme, Terror motif, Rodan theme, Resurrection theme, Rodan theme, rhythmic accents.
28 1:35 Base Annihilation
(M27)
Godzilla attacks the Kilaak base.  The Kilaak's go into hibernation.
Monster Control theme, Terror motif, Rodan theme, Resurrection theme (2x), Rodan theme, rhythmic accents.
29 2:32 Fire Dragon Pursuit
(M28)
The SY-3 fights a "fire dragon", which is revealed to be one of the Kilaak saucers.
Destroy All Monsters March.
30 1:32 Ending
(M29)
As Katsuo and Kyoko fly over in a helicopter, the monsters are seen back on Monster Land.
Monster Land theme in low winds/organ intercut with low brass accents, strings into ending fanfare.
31 0:39 The Mysterious UFO on the Moon
(M7)
Film edit of Track 7 (SY-3).
36 1:27 The Kilaak Appear
(M18)
Film edit of Track 19 (Kilaakian II).
38 1:20 Title Credits
(M2-T1)
First take of Track 2.
39 1:24 Title Credits
(M2-T2)
Second take of Track 2.
40 1:26 Title Credits
(M2-T3)
Third take of Track 2.
41 0:28 Strange Metal
(M11-T1)
Alternate take of Track 11.


Previous Akira Ifukube Godzilla Films Analysed:
Godzilla
King Kong vs Godzilla
Mothra vs Godzilla
Ghidorah the Three-Headed Monster

Links
Godzilla Perfect Box 2 at Screen Archives
Akira Ifukube Wiki
Akira Ifukube Museum
Toho Kingdom Destroy All Monsters Review
Invasion of Astro-Monster Wikia Entry
Destroy All Monsters Wikia Entry 

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